Teaching Before Christmas: Lesson Plans

It’s time to get out the lesson plan book and plan for December. Below are ideas for math, reading, writing, and social studies.

Ideally, December lessons follow four criteria. They…

  1. fit curriculum standards,
  2. make students smile,
  3. take very little prep time to pull together, and
  4. require very little marking.

You can do holiday activities that address standards such as the Common Core or the Australian National Standards.

So what kinds of activities are holiday-like and fun and academic?

Math

Graphing, Probability, Statistics: Younger students can have fun graphing fun Christmas foods. Older students can use the same items to investigate sample sizes or play with probability.

3D Shapes: Make these ornaments and refer to them during class while naming them, finding surface area, etc.

Problem-Solving: You’ve probably sung The 12 Days of Christmas. One partridge was given on the first day. On the second day, there were 2 turtle doves and a partridge – making a total of 3 gifts. If this pattern continues, how many total gifts would be given on the 12th day? How many total over the full 12 days?

Build the excitement with a picture book based on the song – or the song might be in you iTunes playlist. My favorite version:

Writing

Stories: So what would life be like for the person who received all 12 days of gifts? Discuss. If inspired, write the story. Create a character who gives and one who receives. Put them in a setting. What is the motivation for the gifts? What are the daily consequences?

Poetry: In Ralph Fletcher’s book Poetry Matters, he shares that there was a year he wrote poems as gifts for each member of his family. Poems were written based on interests and hobbies of the person who would receive the poem. Poems can be decorated or framed – something that is good to do the final hours of the final day.

Persuasive Writing: Jen from Runde’s Room suggests students write letters to Santa from the point of view of a literary villain. She posts some examples that students can use as mentor texts.

Vocabulary, Grammar, and Word Study: Students guess the identities of obfuscated Christmas carols. Younger students can go to Visuwords for help. My favorites:

  • The Slight Percussionist Lad (Little Drummer Boy)
  • Quiescent Nocturnal Period (O Holy Night)

Christmas Mad Libs can help students review parts of speech.

The Resourceful Teacher has a great elementary writing activity using holiday stamps.

Those in Christian religious schools can delve into all the metaphors used to describe the coming Messiah. What does it mean that Jesus would be the Lion of Judah? Prince of Peace? What about other metaphorical references to Jesus as the Good Shepherd? The Door? Others?

Reading/Writing Connections:

Expat Educator ChristmasFor an ESL reading/writing connection, students can talk through various pages from Peter Spier’s Christmas, a wordless picture book. Pick pages to talk through each day and label items like mistletoe with post-its. Students can later either write out words for the page or they can compare Peter Spier’s Christmas to Christmas in their country of heritage.

Expat Educator Polar ExpressThe Polar Express website includes an interactive calendar of short writing activities – one activity for each day in December. The North Pole has additional activities.

Reading

Summarizing/Retelling: Review story mapping using Chris Van Allsburg’s The Polar Express.

Fluency: If you have students who are still struggling with reading fluency, plays are available online. Just glancing through the first page of playscripts, I found Babushka, The Gingerbread Boy, The Three Trees, A Christmas Carol, and The Nativity. A list of Christmas plays can also be found on Little Fun, LIttle Learning (be sure to look at the links in the comments section too!) and DramatrixSpread plays over a number of days and adding a tech twist where students practice lines on Garage Band or other recording tool.

Analyzing/Inferring: If your library has a good stock of Christmas picture books (or Hanakkuh), bring some back to the classroom. Have pairs of students read a book and come to consensus on the most important line in each book. The pairs write the most important line on a sheet of butcher. Rotate the books so that each pair gets a different story for each of the 3-5 days. Do the ‘most important lines’ agree? if not, can groups come to consensus? Wrap it up by asking students what they believe the author believes is the meaning of Christmas. Do students agree or disagree? Defend. Ruth Morgan has put together books on Hanukkah.

Expat Educator North PoleThose who do not have a large stock of Christmas books can listen to stories on Storynory or The North Pole. Again, have students create story mountains, summarize, or find the message behind a story or two.

History/Social Studies/Geography

History: Many students play soccer (football, for my Commonwealth friends) at recess. They might be interested to know that soldiers in WWI played soccer during periods of truce. In fact, both German and English soldiers played on Christmas.

The story is told to music by John McCutcheon. Commonwealth friends may want to preview and decide if the line “He’s singing bloody well, you know!” is appropriate for your age/classroom/school. The lyrics are online, if you care to print and distribute.

Religious Studies: Those of you that work in religious institutions, can label the prophesies on a timeline and compare them to the birth of Jesus. Simple and short, but powerful.

Research/History/Geography: Students pick a country that celebrates Christmas and research the celebrations in that country. Have students look for references to a Santa-like figure, other saints, and references to the Magi (if the Magi bring gifts in that particular country). Students can place references on Google maps using the same process as was described in the post about Haikus on Google maps. The research and presentation could last at least a week.

Screen Shot 2012-12-01 at 10.41.45 AM
Move from the North Pole to the South pole and explore Antarctica street view. The landscapes are stunning.

Quizzes/Trivia/Research:Turn these pre-made Christmas quizzes into a bit of research fun.

Character Development: The story of Rudolph can be turned into an anti-bullying lesson.

Still haven’t planned for all of December? Over 2,500 Christmas activities are shared by teaching professionals on BetterLesson.com and ShareMyLesson.com. Check out some of Ian Byrd’s ideas or Shelly Terrell’s ideas – they’re great.

Have a wonderful time planning for Christmas lessons. Please add any of your favorite activities in the comments box. Any ideas for science?

If you find this post valuable, please consider doing one or more of the things in the storyboard below…

Create a Copy

photo credit: LinksmanJD via photopin cc

Are We Confusing Standards with Standardization?

Standards, not standardization

My soap box. Here I go again…

As I write this, I’m ducking behind my screen, ready to dodge virtual tomatoes. Please bear with me as I question some assumptions we are making with regards to standards and standardization.

We educators use terms and acronyms, assuming that all people have the same understanding. First, I will clarify terms. Then I will ask questions.

Clarification 1: Textbooks are not curriculum.

Most simply put, curriculum is a list of things students should know and be able to do. We call the list a list of standards because we hope that all students will be able to know and do these things when they leave school. Then we create benchmarks, clarifying what those standards “look like” at various grade levels.

I often hear teachers and other school leaders saying that they want to find a curriculum that teaches to the standards. What they’re really saying is this: They are looking for the “magic bullet” educational materials that will help student test scores improve.

I haven’t used textbooks in over ten years. What I learned from my Australian colleagues is this: Teachers can look at a list of standards and figure out the best way to teach to those standards.

So here are some questions: Are schools underestimating teachers? Are schools assuming that teachers cannot teach to standards unless they have the “right” materials?

Clarification 2: Standards are different than Standardization

If we understand curriculum as a list of standards describing what students should know and be able to do, we can differentiate between curriculum and instruction.

Curriculum is built on standards. Instruction may or may not be standardized.

The progression of assumptions goes something like this (my reaction in italics):

  1. We need to teach to the common core (standards). True.
  2. The district has purchased materials that align with the standards. Okay.
  3. If we all teach this curriculum (a misuse of the term), then [the company's] research suggests that students will test better. Here is training on how you should all use these materials… Hold the phone!!!!!

We have crossed a line at #3. We assume that, to hit standards, instruction must be standardized according to commercially-created materials.

My next question: Once companies have convinced us that they have the “right” materials, are we requiring all teachers to use those materials in the same way?

Clarification 3: If we agree that instructional standardization is unnecessary, we can maintain creativity and passion in a standards-based classroom.

But we need to make a few paradigm shifts.

Specifically,

  1. Look at the standards before we look textbooks or think of “thematic” activities. The unit on Spiders is no longer a list of activities. It is a list of standards first (classification, expository writing, research, health and safety), then activities.
  2. Use team meeting time to plan. Work together to compile activities and resources that will teach to the standards. Use textbooks and other materials as resources. Trust yourself to create new activities that teach to standards more authentically than pre-packaged materials.
  3. Maintain checklists of standards and keep track of students that have and have not met specific standards. Project-based learning is then tweaked to include the following instructions: Somewhere in your project, you need to show me that you understand the difference between insects and spiders. You need to tell me whether or not your spider is dangerous and how you can tell. When I come and talk to you, I will ask which books and websites you have been reading and how they helped you.

Clarification 4: There are some things that are just wrong.

Wrong: Awards and sanctions for schools, teachers, and students based on test scores. Household rewards and sanctions do not get kids to bed on time, nor is bedtime a single standard by which we judge parenting (thank heavens!). Let’s pay attention to the scores, but realize that tests will never tell us the full extent of student knowledge.

Wrong: Hours and hours of standardized testing. I’ve created assessments where students learn through the process of demonstrating, synthesizing, and evaluating their knowledge and skills. Students learn nothing when they fill in bubbles. A few hours per year is okay. Weeks? Wrong.

Wrong: Teaching all students the same way. The little Steve Jobses and Mark Zuckerbergs in your classroom (who probably test well), will withdraw or start programming social media when they should be underlining the topic sentence.

There are more wrong things, but those are the biggies.

Conclusion: Education is not doomed, unless we confuse standards with standardization.

As Yong Zhao Trim said, American education was “doomed” in the 1960s when the Russians beat us to space. American education was “doomed” according to the 1980s publication “A Nation At Risk.” NCLB was created because schools were failing.

Yes, we have work to do in education. But, we have innovative teachers who care about student passions and are capable of creating lessons that teach to standards. Accomplished teachers know their students and how they learn.

Let’s teach to the standards, but teach them in ways that are individualized, differentiated, and personalized.

My last question: What if we change the assumptions?

If the new assumptions are as follows…

  • Teachers can teach to standards with or without specific, commercial materials.
  • No one set of materials (commercially-created or otherwise) will help teachers teach all standards to all students.
  • Standards can be taught and tracked in the midst of innovative, project-based classrooms.
  • We fight government initiatives that are truly wrong while resolving to show the world that students learn through individualized, differentiated, and personalized instruction.

…how would schools look different?

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Teaching Oral Reading Fluency to Older Students

My father taught me to read with fluency and expression. He didn’t know he was doing it. Every Sunday afternoon, my brother and I would sit with him by the heater or on the porch and he would read us the Sunday comics. Characters such as Beetle Bailey, Charlie Brown, Dennis the Menace, and the Wizard of Id each had their own voices.

If you walk into a Lower Primary grade classroom, you’ll likely see students reading aloud to teachers who explicitly teach them to read more smoothly and read with expression. Do Upper Primary and Middle School teachers need to focus on oral reading fluency? If so, how can upper grade teachers explicitly instruct students on fluency without it feeling “childish”?

How does Oral Reading Fluency Fit into Common Core Standards?

The Common Core standards include oral reading fluency as part of the Reading Foundational Skills. Until grade 2, foundational skills focus on students understanding print features, translating print features into words, syllables, and sounds. Until grade 6, foundational skills comprise phonics, word analysis, accuracy, and fluency as they support comprehension.

Does this mean teachers can stop teaching oral reading fluency after grade 6? Probably not. While Common Core Reading Foundational skills are discontinued at Grade 6, Middle School teachers still need to know the following:

  • Are the students recognizing at least 95% of the words they are reading?
  • Do students use phrasing, punctuation, and italics to pick up on author’s intent?
  • Do students differentiate between characters by hearing the characters’ different “voices”?

Oral reading fluency does not necessarily align with silent reading fluency, but oral reading fluency can indicate what happens in students’ heads when they read silently.

When students read fluently, they are better able to analyze of the impact of word choice on meaning or tone. Students who read fluently can better analyze poetic and musical tools in poems and stories (Grades 6 and 7 Reading Literature Standard 4).

Students who differentiate character voices more easily analyze ways in which authors develop and contrast points of view of different characters. (Grade 7 Reading Literature Standard 6).

How to Teach Fluency Without It Feeling Childish

Comics and Graphic Novels: Almost all of my struggling readers gravitate to comics like Garfield and Calvin and Hobbes. In the context of reading fluency, those books are a good place to start. How would Calvin’s voice be different from the voice of Hobbes? Have students record some of their favorite strips or pages. The listener should be able to hear the difference and the recorder should be able to defend why he/she chose the particular type of voice. Let the student “ham it up.” Then move the student to graphic novels.

Plays: Like most other skills, fluency and expression come with practice. Plays allow students that practice. The difficulty is that, unless well-planned, play reading becomes another form of round-robin reading that can quickly disengage students. Also, cold readings of plays set up lower-fluency readers and second language students for public scrutiny. I recommend the following progression of activities:

  • Before assigning parts or having anyone read aloud, have the students read the play silently. Ask about the characters. What type of person is…? What do you think his or her voice would sound like? How would specific characters sit? Stand? What kinds of clothes would the characters wear? Hairstyles?
  • Find out if anyone is particularly “attached to a part”. If two or more people want the same parts, you can delegate in whatever age-appropriate way you deem best (rock-paper-scissors), dual recordings (multiple girls play Broadway’s Annie). Consider challenging higher readers to play (and understand) the character they identify with the least.
  • Highlight the importance of practice. Line. By. Line. Model mistakes and re-takes until the line is perfect. Model how you decide which word in a sentence should be emphasized – and how sentence meanings change slightly based on the emphasis (let students help you decide which sounds best).
  • Give students recording devices to record, listen, evaluate, repeat. They should keep/save recordings of the best “take” of each line or section.
  • Pair up students who listen to each others’ recordings and offer advice.
  • Then meet as a group to read the play orally. Record. Garage Band is a great recording tool. If someone makes an error, they can pause then read the line over again. Errors are easily erased.

If you’re teaching fluency to two or more groups, allow the groups to compare the line interpretations. How did someone else read the same part similarly? Differently? Why do you think they made those particular choices?

Morning class:

Afternoon class:

Modifications for English Language Learners

When listening to the podcasts above, you will notice that each podcast features a student who has limited English. Consider recording lines with the students who struggle with English pronunciation. Then, transfer the practice session to iTunes (or .mp3), and have students practice reading with the recording.

End With Reflection

When I started doing class news videos, I realized that students could easily tell me what they did, but had a harder time telling me what they learned.

Take the time to ask students what they learned about reading fluency. What was difficult at first? Which lines needed the most practice? Why do you think the [tongue-in-cheek mean/crazy] teacher would ask you to do this? How might these skills be valuable when reading other texts?

If you are unfamiliar with the workings of Garage Band, see this tutorial:

…but you don’t need Garage Band. Here is a tutorial on iPad Voice Recorder (also featured on iTouches):

In what other ways might older students practice reading fluency?

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Top 10 Lessons Learned the First Year Overseas

A few weeks ago, International School Services tweeted the question What did you learn in your first year of International School teaching?

1. Human Resources personnel and principals are your best friends.
After receiving the official job offer, I must have emailed Human Resources once per week. Should I bring x? Does the school have y? What rare tropical diseases might I encounter? Japanese Encephalitis exists outside of Japan???

Visa paperwork can be overwhelming: health checks, copies of transcripts and diplomas, proof of vaccinations. If you have pets, plan on a separate set of procedures.

2. International Schools have a culture of their own.
I signed to join a group who met monthly to discuss critical issues related to education. One of our first topics for discussion was Third Culture Kids (TCKs). I learned that many of my students have never lived in their passport countries. Also, they do not regularly interact with host country children. The students develop a culture of their own.

I’ve since realized that overseas faculties are much the same. Teachers in more politically unstable countries live on compounds and rely on each other for socialization and general sanity. Faculties in large cities tend to get out and mingle with other expats – many of whom are not teachers. Some schools tend to attract younger folks in search of adventure. I landed at a school with a rich history that could be learned from colleagues who had been at the school more than 20 years.

3. Different cultures give teachers varying amounts of respect.
Although I left the USA before the infamous passage of No Child Left Behind, I heard and read plenty of criticism about the state of education in America. I taught in a district without music or PE teachers. Colleagues in other districts were put on paper rations and were required to dust and mop their classrooms. The school district had many active, wonderful parents. Also, the school district held restraining orders against parents who had threatened staff and students.

My first parent night overseas: At least one parent of every student showed up. Dressed up. Took notes. Parents frequently brought gifts. If I called a parent about a discipline issue, the issue never arose again.

4. Expat parents expect a LOT.
While parents gave me a huge amount of respect, they kept me on my toes. “Average” and “Meeting Expectations” were unacceptable grades for many. They wanted to know what else could be done to ensure that their 10-year-old entered an Ivy League university. For some, standardized test scores below the 95th percentile were reason for an extra parent-teacher conference. Perhaps that is not true in all schools, but it was true in mine.

5. Absentee parentism is as prevalent in rich schools as in poor schools – but it looks different.
The main reasons parents had such high expectations for their children was that the parents expected a lot of themselves. Many of my students’ parents were bilingual and traveled throughout Asia overseeing factories, starting joint venture companies, attending regional CEO meetings, and more.

The kids missed their parents. They eagerly awaited parents’ return home. Some felt abandoned because, even when parents were home, they were on regular conference calls.

In the end, many students spent less time with their parents than did students in my former USA public school. Kids of divorced parents typically saw Dad on Wednesdays and every other weekend. The international students were never sure when Dad (and sometimes Mom) would be home again.

6. One of the most valuable forms of professional development is working with teachers who are natives of other countries.
When I hear of Common Core Standards, I recall the first year I taught with an Australian teacher. While I was struggling to figure student grades by rubrics and percentages, I watched her create checklists of things students needed to know. She ticked the boxes when students had mastered standards. Although I didn’t know it at the time, it was called Standards-based education.

Standards-based marking made sense. List what students must know and do, mark progress, and make a special mark when students go above and beyond the standard.

7. You long for the smells of home.
Christmas 2001. I had been in Asia since August. The weather was no longer oppressively hot – it felt like Spring.

One afternoon I opened the classroom door and stopped. Pine smell. Could it be??? I must have looked like a basset hound sniffing the trail. The scent got stronger as I climbed to the third floor, the fourth floor, and around to the office. There stood a Douglas Fir, imported from my home state of Oregon.

I ate my lunch beside the tree every day until the Christmas break. Most of my life, I had taken the smell of pine for granted. Now the scent took me home to my family.

8. There are spices other than salt and pepper.
I lived a meat-and-potatoes childhood. One of the first weeks of school, my colleagues invited me to dinner at an Indian restaurant.

I couldn’t make any sense of the menu but, since all the dishes were served family-style, I let others do the ordering.

I took a bite. My eyes watered. I grabbed beer, gulping it down and praying for my tongue would forgive me. A colleague turned to me and chuckled. He said, Yes, Janet, there are spices other than salt and pepper.

Indian and Thai are now favorites – but they shocked the palette (and the intestines) the first few times.

9. Labels meet different things to different people.
I quickly stopped using the words conservative and liberal. In Australia, the Liberal party is like more like the US Republican party and the Labour is more “Democrat”. I was in a group of South Africans, Dutch, Germans, and Americans. One American was a self-proclaimed conservative. Another in the party turned and said to him, “Oh, so you’re racist.” Whoa.

I’m happy to talk about my feelings on an issue, but I’ve learned to not try and capture the opinions under an umbrella label. Political and religious labels do not translate well across the various forms of English.

10. Life really isn’t fair.
Yesterday I wrote a post for Expat Sisterhood about how my understanding of “woman-hood” has changed since moving overseas.

Early in my first year, I joined a Family Bike Trip into the Pearl River District of Mainland China. I saw Asian poverty for the first time. We passed through rural villages with no plumbing.

We needed a nurse for the Family Bike Trip. One of the families brought along their domestic helper. Their helper had been an Emergency Room nurse in the Philippines. She made more money as a domestic helper (approximately US$400 per month) than she did as a nurse in her home country. She left her two children to work in Hong Kong so that her children could go to High School.

The first summer, I taught English to English teachers in another part of China. As I got to know them, I realized the hardships they face when they are educated, they want to earn more money, but they must apply and wait up to 20 years to move from the village to a city.

I went with a team to deliver scholarships to students in China. These A-students had been accepted into High School but could not attend because the family was unable to pay the required US$150 for annual tuition. We helped 30 young people. Millions are in similar circumstances.

I guess it’s fair to say the learning curve is pretty steep the first year. What did you learn?

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